Identification and Validation of Six Autophagy-related Long Non-coding RNAs as Prognostic Signature in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly occurring tumour with poor prognosis. Autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received much attention as biomarkers for cancer prognosis and diagnosis. However, few studies have focused on their prognostic predictive value specifically in CRC. This research aimed to construct a robust autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic signature for CRC. Autophagy-related lncRNAs from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were screened using univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and the resulting key lncRNAs were used to establish a prognostic risk score model. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to detect the expression of several lncRNAs in cancer tissues from CRC patients and in normal tissues adjacent to the cancer tissues. A prognostic signature comprising lncRNAs {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC125603.2","term_id":"21630347","term_text":"AC125603.2"}}AC125603.2, LINC00909, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC016876.1","term_id":"6539320","term_text":"AC016876.1"}}AC016876.1, MIR210HG, AC009237.14, and LINC01063 was identified in patients with CRC. A graphical nomogram based on the autophagy-related lncRNA signature was developed to predict CRC patients'' 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival. Overall survival in patients with low risk scores was significantly better than in those with high risk scores (P < 0.0001); a similar result was obtained in an internal validation sample. The nomogram was shown to be suitable for clinical use and gave correct predictions. The 1- and 3-year values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.797 and 0.771 in the model sample, and 0.656 and 0.642 in the internal validation sample, respectively. The C-index values for the verification samples and training samples were 0.756 (95% CI = 0.668-0.762) and 0.715 (95% CI = 0.683-0.829), respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the six autophagy-related lncRNAs were greatly enriched in CRC-related signalling pathways, including p53 and VEGF signalling. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of lncRNAs in CRC was higher than that in adjacent tissues, consistent with the expression trends of lncRNAs in the CRC data set. In summary, we established a signature of six autophagy-related lncRNAs that could effectively guide clinical prediction of prognosis in patients with CRC. This lncRNA signature has significant clinical implications for improving the prediction of outcomes and, with further prospective validation, could be used to guide tailored therapy for CRC patients.     

89例非霍奇金淋巴瘤相关噬血细胞综合征临床特点和疗效分析

目的回顾性分析不同病理类型非霍奇金淋巴瘤相关噬血细胞综合征（HLH）的临床特征及预后影响因素。方法收集和分析2013年3月至2020年5月复旦大学附属华东医院确诊的89例非霍奇金淋巴瘤相关HLH患者的临床资料，应用Log-rank法对影响预后的因素进行单因素分析，应用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。结果89例淋巴瘤相关HLH患者中位生存时间10.2个月，B细胞淋巴瘤患者未达到中位生存时间，T细胞淋巴瘤患者中位生存时间10.2个月，NK细胞淋巴瘤患者中位生存时间为3个月，差异具有统计学意义（P＝0.012）。非霍奇金淋巴瘤病理类型［总生存（OS）：P＝0.041，无进展生存（PFS）：P＝0.015］，美国东部肿瘤协作组评分（OS：P＝0.031，PFS：P＝0.030），是否行造血干细胞移植（OS：P＝0.005，PFS：P＝0.040），是否伴淋巴结肿大（OS：P＝0.007，PFS：P＝0.012），是否伴脾脏肿大（OS：P＝0.276，PFS：P＝0.324）是影响非霍奇金淋巴瘤相关HLH患者OS和PFS的因素。脾脏切除手术能够改善淋巴瘤相关HLH患者的生存，尤其是T细胞淋巴瘤相关HLH。结论不同病理类型非霍奇金淋巴瘤相关HLH患者临床特点相似，但长期生存率和预后影响因素不同。非霍奇金淋巴瘤相关HLH不仅需要联合化疗，B细胞淋巴瘤和NK细胞淋巴瘤相关HLH患者需尽早进行造血干细胞移植，T细胞淋巴瘤相关HLH患者应考虑脾脏切除手术，以改善患者预后。     

I125 irradiation stent for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis: A meta-analysis

PurposeA meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the safety and efficiency of I¹²⁵ irradiation stent placement for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT).Materials and methodsThe Cochrane library, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang Data and CQVIP were systematically screened out from the earliest to December 2019. The qualities of all included studies were assessed. The primary endpoints were the 6-month, 12-month stent cumulative patency rate and 6-month, 12-month, 24-month overall survival rate while the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate of PVTT, main portal venous pressure changes and treatment-related adverse events. Our meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 12.0 software.ResultsTotally seven studies with 1018 patients were included in the final analysis, in which 602 patients received TACE and I¹²⁵ irradiation stent placement, and 416 patients in control group underwent TACE and stent placement without endovascular brachytherapy (EVBT). Meta-analysis showed that the I¹²⁵ irradiation stent improved the cumulative stent patency rates in 6 months [OR = 1.65, 95% CI (1.32–2.05), P < 0.001] and 12 months [OR = 2.55, 95% CI (1.90–3.42), P < 0.001] and the survival rates in 6 months [OR = 1.77, 95% CI (1.41–2.22), P < 0.001], 12 months [OR = 3.14, 95% CI (2.24–4.40), P < 0.001] and 24 months [OR = 7.39, 95% CI (3.55–15.41), P < 0.001]. However, there was no difference in the objective response rate of PVTT [OR = 1.13, 95% CI (0.87–1.48), P = 0.365], main portal venous pressure and the occurrence adverse event [OR = 0.88, CI = 0.72–1.08, P = 0.212] between two groups.ConclusionI¹²⁵ irradiation stent seems to be more effective in treating hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. The usage of portal vein stent combined endovascular brachytherapy has the potential to act as an alternative therapy for HCC with PVTT. On account of the limitation of studies included, more studies with high-level evidence, such as RCTs, are requisite to support the above promising results.     

Human prostate cancer bone metastases have an actionable immunosuppressive microenvironment

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Formation and Function of Liquid-Like Viral Factories in Negative-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Virus Infections

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) represents a major physiochemical principle to organize intracellular membrane-less structures. Studies with non-segmented negative-sense (NNS) RNA viruses have uncovered a key role of LLPS in the formation of viral inclusion bodies (IBs), sites of viral protein concentration in the cytoplasm of infected cells. These studies further reveal the structural and functional complexity of viral IB factories and provide a foundation for their future research. Herein, we review the literature leading to the discovery of LLPS-driven formation of IBs in NNS RNA virus-infected cells and the identification of viral scaffold components involved, and then outline important questions and challenges for IB assembly and disassembly. We discuss the functional implications of LLPS in the life cycle of NNS RNA viruses and host responses to infection. Finally, we speculate on the potential mechanisms underlying IB maturation, a phenomenon relevant to many human diseases.     

Progress on ocular siRNA gene‐silencing therapy and drug delivery systems

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are global ocular diseases with high blindness rate. RNA interference (RNAi) is being increasingly used in the treatment of these disorders with siRNA drugs, bevasiranib, AGN211745 and PF‐04523655 for AMD, and SYL040012 and QPI‐1007 for glaucoma. Administration routes and vectors of gene drugs affect their therapeutic effect. Compared with the non‐viral vectors, viral vectors have limited payload capacity and potential immunogenicity. This review summarizes the progress of the ocular siRNA gene‐silencing therapy by focusing on siRNA drugs for AMD and glaucoma already used in clinical research, the main routes of drug delivery and the non‐viral vectors for siRNA drugs.     

中国非小细胞肺癌免疫检查点抑制剂治疗专家共识（2020年版）

非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）是肺癌最常见的病理类型。晚期NSCLC的系统性抗肿瘤治疗经历了化疗、靶向治疗及免疫治疗的变革，患者总体生存时间不断延长。免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs），尤其是程序性死亡分子-1（programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1）/程序性死亡分子配体-1（programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1）抗体已成为表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）/间变性淋巴瘤激酶（anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK）阴性晚期NSCLC一线及二线的标准治疗和局部晚期NSCLC同步放化疗后标准治疗，并在辅助/新辅助治疗中显示出可喜的结果，改变了NSCLC整体治疗格局。随着越来越多的ICIs在国内获批肺癌适应证，中国临床肿瘤学会（Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, CSCO）NSCLC专家委员会牵头，组织该领域的专家，结合2019年版专家共识，参考最新国内外文献、临床研究数据及系统评价，在专家共同讨论的基础上，达成统一意见并制定、更新本共识，为国内同行更好地应用ICIs治疗NSCLC提供参考意见。     

免疫检查点抑制剂治疗少见突变非小细胞肺癌疗效的研究进展

驱动基因的发现及针对驱动基因的靶向治疗已显著提高了肺癌患者的生存质量和时间，但目前对于BRAF、HER2、MET、RET等少见驱动基因改变肺癌患者的靶向药物的选择仍然较少。近年来免疫检查点抑制剂在肺癌治疗中取得了一定的疗效，但因为少见驱动基因突变的肺癌患者本身样本量少，开展大规模临床随机对照试验尚存在一定的困难，目前此类患者接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的疗效情况仍不明确。本文将对目前已掌握的免疫检查点抑制剂治疗BRAF、HER2、MET、RET等少见驱动基因改变肺癌患者的临床研究结果进行综述，以期在一定程度上为临床工作提供一些依据和参考。